Starfish, or sea stars, are echinoderms in the class Asteroidea, characterized by their distinctive bodies, which look rather like stars. Despite what the familiar name suggests, they are not fish. Many people have a soft spot for starfish, thanks to their unusual shape and the bright array of colors that these marine creatures come in. They are also popular with people since they are easy to see and observe, preferring the intertidal zone near the seashore. People who want to see these creatures in person can visit a tide pool near the ocean, which should yield a broad assortment.
There are around 1,800 species of starfish, ranging from the sunflower star, a species with a multitude of arms, to the bat star, one with five connected arms that looks a little like a pentagonal coaster. They come in an array of colors, shapes, and sizes, and they eat a wide assortment of marine life. These creatures are also popular food sources for many marine animals and some humans as well.
The physical structure of a starfish is quite interesting. They exhibit radial symmetry, meaning that they are symmetrical around a central axis, rather than bilaterial symmetry, a form of biological symmetry that may be more familiar to most people, given that many organisms including humans are bilaterally symmetrical, having two distinct halves. Starfish are also capable of regenerating arms that have broken off, and in some cases a new one can generate from a severed arm. Some species use this trait as a defensive tactic, dropping their arms when threatened.
The body of a starfish is covered in flexible protective plates. Anyone who has ever touched one may have noticed that the animals feel slightly leathery. The bottom is covered in tiny tube feet that the animals use to move around and to hunt. The tube feet also help starfish glue themselves to rock, another way to protect the animals from predators.
As if this wasn't enough, the starfish has a few tricks up its sleeve. These animals are capable of everting their stomachs, which means that they can literally turn their stomachs inside out to wrap them around prey. This biological adaptation allows them to eat animals much larger than them, and some people find it quite fascinating to watch.
Starfish species range in size from around 0.5 inch (a little over 1 centimeter) to 3 feet (1 meter) in diameter, and they can have between five and 25 arms. Because they are such well-known sea creatures, they are commonly on display at aquariums and touch pools, for the benefit of those who cannot get to the ocean.
